I-LNG vs CNG: Isikhokelo esipheleleyo sokukhetha ipetroli yegesi

Ukuqonda umahluko, usetyenziso, kunye nekamva le-LNG kunye ne-CNG kushishino lwamandla oluphuhlayo

Yeyiphi engcono i-LNG okanye i-CNG?

"Ingcono" ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwisicelo esisetyenziswayo. I-LNG (i-Liquefied Natural Gas), engamanzi kwi--162°C, inamandla amaninzi kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiimoto zothutho ezikude, iinqanawa, kunye noololiwe. Ezifuna ukuba nomgama omde kangangoko. Uthutho olufutshane olufana neeteksi, iibhasi, kunye neelori ezincinci zilungele ngakumbi igesi yendalo ecinezelweyo (i-CNG), enokugcinwa njengegesi phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kwaye inobunzima obuphantsi. Ukhetho luxhomekeke ekufezekiseni ibhalansi elungileyo phakathi kokufikeleleka kweziseko zophuhliso kunye neemfuno zoluhlu.

Zeziphi izithuthi ezinokusebenza kwi-CNG?

Olu hlobo lwamafutha lungasetyenziswa kwiimoto ezenzelwe okanye eziguqulweyo ukuba zisebenze ngegesi yendalo ecinezelweyo (CNG). Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwe-CNG kubandakanya iinqwelo-mafutha zasezidolophini, iiteksi, iilori zokususa inkunkuma, kunye nezothutho lukawonke-wonke zasezidolophini (iibhasi). Izithuthi ze-CNG eziveliswe efektri nazo zinikezelwa kwiimoto ezininzi kubakhweli, njengeenguqulelo ezithile zeHonda Civic okanye iToyota Camry. Ukongeza, izixhobo zokuguqula zinokusetyenziselwa ukuhlaziya iimoto ezininzi ngeenjini zepetroli ukuze zisebenze kwimo yepetroli (ipetroli/i-CNG), zibonelela ngokuguquguquka kunye nokonga iindleko.

Ngaba i-LNG ingasetyenziswa ezimotweni?

Nangona kunokwenzeka ngokwethiyori, kuyinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu kwaye akunakwenzeka kwiimoto eziqhelekileyo. Ukuze kugcinwe ulwelo oluyi--162°C, i-LNG ifuna ubunzima,iitanki zokugcina izinto ezirhabaxa ezibiza kakhuluEzi nkqubo zinkulu, zibiza kakhulu, kwaye azifanelekanga kwiindawo ezincinci zangaphakathi ezilinganiselweyo zeemoto zokuhamba. Kule mihla, iilori ezinamandla, ezihamba umgama omde kunye nezinye izithuthi ezinkulu zorhwebo ezinesithuba seetanki ezinkulu kunye nokukwazi ukufumana iingenelo kuluhlu olude lwe-LNG phantse zezona zodwa iimoto eziyisebenzisayo.

Zithini iingxaki ze-CNG njengepetroli?

Izinto ezingalunganga kakhulu kwi-CNG kukuba inendawo elinganiselweyo yokuqhuba xa ithelekiswa nedizili okanye ipetroli kunye nenkqubo yayo encinci yokuzalisa ipetroli, ingakumbi kumazwe asakhasayo.Iitanki ze-CNGZinkulu kwaye zinzima, zihlala zithatha indawo eninzi yemithwalo, ingakumbi kwiimoto zabakhweli. Ukongeza, iimoto zihlala zibiza kakhulu ukuzithenga okanye ukuziguqula ekuqaleni. Ukongeza, amaxesha okugcwalisa amafutha ahlala ixesha elide kunalawo asebenzisa amafutha olwelo, kwaye ukusebenza kwawo kusenokuba ngaphantsi kancinci kunalawo asebenzisa iinjini ezifanayo ezisebenza ngepetroli.

Zingaphi izikhululo zokuzalisa ze-CNG ezikhoyo eNigeria?

Inkqubo yaseNigeria yeIzikhululo zokufutha ze-CNGisaphuhliswa ekuqaleni kuka-2024. Iingxelo zamva nje ezivela kushishino zibonisa ukuba kusekho izikhululo ezimbalwa zikawonke-wonke ze-CNG ezisebenzayo kunye noqikelelo oluqala kwizikhululo ezili-10 ukuya kwezingama-20. Uninzi lwazo lukwizixeko ezikhulu ezifana neLagos ne-Abuja. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka ezayo, eli nani liza kunyuka ngokukhawuleza ngenxa ye-"Gas Development Project" karhulumente, exhasa igesi yendalo njengomthombo wamandla ongabizi kakhulu nonobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwezothutho.

Ingakanani ixesha lokuphila kwetanki ye-CNG?

Iitanki ze-CNG zinobunzima bokusetyenziswa ixesha elide, elihlala liboniswa ngumhla wokusetyenziswa ukususela ngexesha lokwenziwa endaweni yokuba liboniswe ngamashumi eminyaka. Inani elikhulu lemigangatho yesizwe neyehlabathi lifuna ukuba iitanki ze-CNG, nokuba zenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa okanye zentsimbi, zibe nobomi bokusetyenziswa iminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20. Nokuba imeko injani na, itanki kufuneka ilungiswe emva kwexesha elithile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluqhubekayo. Njengenxalenye yezicwangciso zokulungisa rhoqo, iitanki kufuneka zihlolwe umgangatho wazo ngokuhlolwa okubonakalayo kunye novavanyo loxinzelelo rhoqo.

Yeyiphi engcono, i-LPG okanye i-CNG?

Zombini i-CNG okanye i-LPG (igesi yepetroleum enyibilikisiweyo) zizinto ezisetyenziselwa amafutha ezinezinto ezikhethekileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-LPG (propane/butane), enzima kunomoya kwaye iyakwazi ukwakheka, i-CNG, eyi-methane ngokuyintloko, incinci kunomoya kwaye iyaqhekeka ngokukhawuleza ukuba iyaphuka. Ngenxa yokuba i-CNG itsha ngokufanelekileyo, ishiya iidiphozithi ezimbalwa kwiindawo zeenjini. Kwelinye icala, i-LPG inenkqubo yokuzalisa amafutha esekwe kwaye ibanzi kwihlabathi liphela, uxinaniso olukhulu lwamandla, kunye noluhlu olungcono. Olu khetho luhlala luchaphazeleka yindleko yepetroli kule ndawo, inani lezithuthi, kunye nenkqubo yokuxhasa ekhoyo ngoku.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-LNG kunye ne-CNG?

Imeko yazo yomzimba kunye neendlela zokugcina izinto kukho umahluko omkhulu okhoyo. Igesi yendalo ecinezelweyo, okanye i-CNG, ihlala ikwimeko yegesi xa iphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu (ngesiqhelo i-200–250 bar). I-LNG, okanye igesi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo, yigesi eveliswa ngokunciphisa igesi yendalo ukuya kwi--162°C, eyiguqula ibe lulwelo kwaye inciphise ubungakanani bayo phantse amaxesha angama-600. Ngenxa yoku, i-LNG inamandla amaninzi kakhulu kune-CNG, nto leyo eyenza ifaneleke ukuthuthwa umgama omde apho ukunyamezela kubalulekile. Nangona kunjalo, ifuna izixhobo zokugcina ezibizayo nezibizayo.

Yintoni injongoItanki ye-LNG?

Isixhobo sokugcina izinto ezirhabaxa kakhulu yitanki ye-LNG. Injongo ephambili kukunciphisa igesi ebilayo (BOG) ngokugcina i-LNG ikwimeko yayo yolwelo kubushushu obuphantsi kakhulu obukufutshane ne-162°C. Ezi tanki zinoyilo olunzima oluneendonga ezimbini olune-insulation esebenza kakuhle phakathi kweendonga kunye ne-vacuum ngaphakathi. I-LNG ingagcinwa kwaye ihanjiswe kumgama omde kusetyenziswa iilori, iinqanawa, kunye neendawo zokugcina ezimileyo ngaphandle komonakalo omkhulu ngenxa yolu yilo.

Yintoni iIsitishi se-CNG?

Indawo ekhethekileyo ebonelela ngepetroli kwizithuthi ezisebenza nge-CNG ibizwa ngokuba sisikhululo se-CNG. Igesi yendalo idla ngokuthuthwa iye kuyo ngoxinzelelo oluphantsi yinkqubo yayo yothutho esecaleni. Emva koko, le gesi iyacocwa, ipholiswe, kwaye icinezelwe ngamanqanaba amaninzi kusetyenziswa ii-compressors ezinamandla ukufikelela kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu (phakathi kwe-200 kunye ne-250 bar). Imibhobho yokugcina enezingxangxasi isetyenziselwa ukugcina igesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu. xa kuthelekiswa nokugcwalisa ipetroli, kodwa kusetyenziswa igesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, igesi ithunyelwa kwezi bhanki zokugcina iye kwi-tank yemoto engaphakathi ye-CNG kusetyenziswa i-dispenser ekhethekileyo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-LNG kunye negesi eqhelekileyo?

Ipetroli idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yigesi "eqhelekileyo". Igesi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo i-methane, okanye i-LNG, yigesi yendalo engenabungozi egcinwe kakuhle. Umxube wolwelo oguquliweyo wee-hydrocarbon ezahlukeneyo ezibizwa ngokuba yipetroli wenziwa ngeoyile ecociweyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nepetroli, i-LNG ivelisa izinto ezingonakalisi kangako (ezifana ne-nitrogen oxides (NOx), i-sulfur oxides, kunye ne-particle matter) ngexesha lokutsha, apho iimveliso eziphambili ziyi-carbon dioxide (CO2) kunye nomphunga wamanzi. Ngokungafaniyo nenkqubo ye-LNG esakhulayo, ipetroli inamandla amaninzi ngesixa ngasinye kwaye inandipha izibonelelo zenethiwekhi yokuzalisa amafutha yehlabathi ephuhlileyo.

Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa

Uphawu	I-LNG (iGesi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo)	I-CNG (iGesi yendalo ecinezelweyo)
Imeko Yomzimba	Ulwelo	Igesi
Ubuninzi bamandla	Phezulu kakhulu	Phakathi
Izicelo eziphambili	Iilori ezinzima, Iinqanawa, Oololiwe	Iibhasi, iiTekisi, izithuthi ezilula
Iziseko zophuhliso	Izikhululo ezikhethekileyo ze-cryogenic, ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu	Izikhululo zokuzalisa, uthungelwano luyanda
Ubungakanani boLuhlu	Uluhlu olude	Umgama ophakathi ukuya komfutshane
Uxinzelelo lokugcina	Uxinzelelo oluphantsi (kodwa lufuna ubushushu obucacileyo)	Uxinzelelo oluphezulu (200-250 bar)

Isiphelo

Kwinguquko eya kumandla acocekileyo, i-LNG kunye ne-CNG zizisombululo eziluncedo kuzo zombini iindawo endaweni yeemveliso ezikhuphisanayo. Kwimigama emide, ukuthuthwa okunzulu, apho ubuninzi bamandla ayo bubonelela ngoluhlu olufunekayo, i-LNG lolona khetho lufanelekileyo. Kwelinye icala, i-CNG sisisombululo esisebenzayo nesikhathalela okusingqongileyo kumashishini nakwizixeko ezineelori ezilula ekufuneka zihambe kuluhlu olulinganiselweyo. Zombini amafutha aya kufuneka ekuphuculeni utshintsho lwamandla, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zamafutha kwiimarike ezikhulayo njengeNigeria. Iintlobo ezithile zezithuthi, uluhlu lokusebenza, kunye nophuhliso lweenkonzo zasekuhlaleni kufuneka zithathwe ngononophelo xa ukhetha phakathi kwazo.