I-LNG vs CNG: Isikhokelo esiBanzi sokuKhetha iFuel yeGesi

Ukuqonda umahluko, izicelo, kunye nekamva le-LNG kunye ne-CNG kushishino lwamandla okuphuhlisa

Yeyiphi engcono i-LNG okanye i-CNG?

"Kungcono" kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwisicelo esisetyenziswayo. I-LNG (i-Liquefied Natural Gas), elulwelo kwi-162°C, luxinaniso lwamandla oluphezulu ngokugqithisileyo, luyenza igqibelele kwiimoto zothutho lomgama omde, iinqanawa kunye noololiwe. ezifuna ukuba nomgama omde kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Uthutho olumgama omfutshane olufana neeteksi, iibhasi, kunye neelori ezincinci zifaneleke ngakumbi kwigesi yendalo ecinezelweyo (CNG), leyo inokugcinwa njengegesi phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kwaye inoxinano lwamandla olungaphantsi. Ukhetho luxhomekeke ekuphumezeni ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo phakathi kokufikeleleka kweziseko ezingundoqo kunye neemfuno zoluhlu.

Zeziphi izithuthi ezinokubaleka kwi-CNG?

Olu hlobo lwamafutha lunokusetyenziswa kwiimoto eziye zayilwa okanye zatshintshwa ukuba zisebenze kwigesi yendalo ecinezelweyo (CNG). Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwe-CNG kubandakanya izithuthi zedolophu, iiteksi, iilori zokususa inkunkuma, kunye nezithuthi zikawonke-wonke zesixeko (iibhasi). Iimoto ze-CNG eziveliswe kwifektri nazo zibonelelwa kwiimoto ezininzi kubakhweli, njengeenguqulelo ezithile zeHonda Civic okanye iToyota Camry. Ukongezelela, iikiti zokuguqula zingasetyenziselwa ukuhlaziya iimoto ezininzi ngeenjini zepetroli ukuba ziqhube kuzo zombini i-fuel (i-petroli / i-CNG) imowudi, enikezela ukuguquguquka kunye nokugcinwa kweendleko.

Ngaba i-LNG ingasetyenziswa ezimotweni?

Nangona kunokwenzeka kwithiyori, ayiqhelekanga kwaye ayinakwenzeka kwiimoto eziqhelekileyo. Ukuze kugcinwe ifom ye-liquid -162 ° C, i-LNG idinga iitanki eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezixabisa kakhulu zokugcina i-cryogenic. Ezi nkqubo zinkulu, ziyabiza, kwaye azifanelekanga indawo yangaphakathi elinganiselweyo yeemoto zokuhamba ezincinci. Kwezi ntsuku, iilori ezinamandla, umgama omde kunye nezinye iimoto ezinkulu zorhwebo ezinesithuba samatanki amakhulu kunye nokukwazi ukufumana inzuzo kuluhlu olude lwe-LNG phantse kuphela iimoto eziyisebenzisayo.

Ziziphi izinto ezingeloncedo kwi-CNG njengamafutha?

Ezona zinto zingalunganga ze-CNG luluhlu lwayo olulinganiselweyo lokuqhuba xa kuthelekiswa nokuba nedizili okanye ipetroli kunye nenkqubo yayo enyiniweyo yezikhululo zepetroli, ngakumbi kumazwe asakhasayo. Ngenxa yokuba iitanki ze-CNG zikhulu kwaye zinzima, zihlala zithatha indawo enkulu yomthwalo, ngakumbi kwiimoto zabakhweli. Ukongeza, iimoto zihlala zibiza ngaphezulu ukuthenga okanye ukuguqula ekuqaleni. Ukongeza, amaxesha e-refueling athatha ixesha elide kune-fuel elulwelo, kwaye ukusebenza kunokuba sezantsi kancinci kuneenjini ezifanayo eziqhutywa yipetroli.

Zingaphi izikhululo zokuzalisa i-CNG ezikhoyo eNigeria?

Inkqubo yaseNigeria yezikhululo zamafutha e-CNG isakhula ukususela ekuqaleni kwe-2024. Iingxelo zamva nje ezivela kumashishini zibonisa ukuba kusekho izikhululo ezimbalwa ze-CNG ezisebenza kunye noqikelelo olusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-20 izikhululo. Uninzi lwezi zikwizixeko ezikhulu ezifana neLagos neAbuja. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka ezayo, eli nani linokuthi linyuke ngokukhawuleza ngenxa “yeProjekthi yoPhuhliso lweGesi” karhulumente, exhasa igesi yendalo njengomthombo wamandla ongabizi kakhulu nongakhuselekanga kokusingqongileyo kuthutho.

Bubuphi ubomi betanki ye-CNG?

Iitanki ze-CNG zinexesha elinzima lokusetyenziswa, elibonakaliswa ngumhla wokusetyenziswa ukusuka kumzuzu wokwenziwa endaweni yamashumi eminyaka. Inani elikhulu lemigangatho yelizwe kunye nelizwe jikelele lifuna ukuba iitanki ze-CNG, nokuba zenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa okanye zensimbi, zibe neminyaka eyi-15-20 yokusebenzisa ubomi. kungakhathaliseki ukuba imeko ecacileyo, itanki kufuneka ilungiswe emva kwexesha elithile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluqhubekayo. Njengenxalenye yezicwangciso zokulungisa rhoqo, amatanki nawo kufuneka ahlolwe umgangatho wawo ngokujongwa okubonakalayo kunye neemvavanyo zoxinzelelo rhoqo.

Yeyiphi engcono, LPG okanye CNG?

Zombini i-CNG okanye i-LPG (i-liquefied petroleum gas) zezinye zezibaso ezineempawu ezikhethekileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-LPG (ipropane/butane), enzima kunomoya kwaye ikwazi ukwakha, i-CNG, eyona nto iyi-methane, incinci kunomoya kwaye iqhekeka ngokukhawuleza xa idiliza. Ngenxa yokuba i-CNG ivutha ngokufanelekileyo, ishiya iidiphozithi ezimbalwa kwiindawo ze-injini. I-LPG, kwelinye icala, inesistim esekwe ngakumbi kwaye yandayo ye-refueling yehlabathi jikelele, ugxininiso olukhulu lwamandla, kunye noluhlu olungcono. Olu khetho luhlala luchaphazeleka kwiindleko zepetroli kulo mmandla, amanani ezithuthi, kunye nenkqubo yenkxaso ekhoyo ngoku.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-LNG kunye ne-CNG?

Isimo sabo somzimba kunye neendlela zokugcina apho kukho umahluko oyintloko. I-gesi yendalo ecinezelweyo, okanye i-CNG, ihlala kwindawo yegesi kwiingcinezelo eziphezulu (ngokuqhelekileyo i-200-250 bar). I-LNG, okanye i-liquefied natural gas, yirhasi eveliswa ngokuthoba irhasi yendalo ukuya kutsho kwi-162°C, ethi iyiguqule ibe lulwelo ize icuthe isixa esikuyo phantse ngamaxesha angama-600. Ngenxa yoku, i-LNG inomthamo omkhulu kakhulu wamandla kune-CNG, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ilungele ukuthutha umgama omde apho unyamezelo lubalulekile. Nangona kunjalo, idinga izixhobo zokugcina i-cryogenic ezibizayo kunye neendleko.

Yintoni injongo yetanki ye-LNG?

Isixhobo esikhethekileyo sokugcina i-cryogenic yitanki ye-LNG. Eyona njongo iphambili kukunciphisa i-boil-off gas (BOG) ngokugcina i-LNG kwisimo sayo solwelo kubushushu obuphantsi kakhulu obusondele kwi--162°C. La matanki anoyilo olunzima lweendonga ezimbini kunye ne-insulation ephezulu yokusebenza phakathi kweendonga kunye ne-vacuum ngaphakathi. I-LNG inokugcinwa kwaye ihanjiswe kwimigama emide kusetyenziswa iilori, iinqanawa, kunye neendawo ezimileyo zokugcina ezinomonakalo omncinci ngenxa yolu yilo.

Yintoni isikhululo se-CNG?

Indawo ekhethekileyo ebonelela ngamafutha ezithuthi eziqhutywa yi-CNG ibizwa ngokuba sisikhululo se-CNG. Irhasi yendalo iqhele ukuthuthwa ukuya kuyo ngoxinzelelo oluphantsi yinkqubo yothutho engummelwane. Ukulandela oko, le gesi iyacocwa, ipholile, kwaye ixinzelelwe kwizigaba ezininzi usebenzisa i-compressor eqinile ukufezekisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu (phakathi kwe-200 kunye ne-250 bar). Imibhobho yokugcina eneengxangxasi isetyenziselwa ukubamba irhasi yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu. xa kuthelekiswa ne-refueling nge-fuel, kodwa usebenzisa i-gas ephezulu yoxinzelelo, igesi ihanjiswa kwezi bhanki zokugcina kwimoto ngaphakathi kwetanki ye-CNG usebenzisa i-dispenser ekhethekileyo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-LNG kunye negesi eqhelekileyo?

Amafutha adla ngokubizwa ngokuba yigesi "eqhelekileyo". Irhasi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo i-methane, okanye i-LNG, yigesi yendalo engenabungozi ethe yabekwa kwindawo yokugcina Umxube wolwelo olungisiweyo weehydrocarbons ezahlukeneyo ezibizwa ngokuba sisibaso senziwe nge-oyile esulungekileyo xa ithelekiswa nepetroli, i-LNG ivelisa izinto ezinobungozi obungephi (ezifana nenitrogen oxides (NOx), i-sulphur oxides, kunye ne-carbon dioxide, kunye ne-carbon dioxide (i-2) imveliso yamanzi. Ngokuchaseneyo nenkqubo ye-LNG esaphuhlayo, i-petroli inomlinganiselo omkhulu wamandla kwisixa ngasinye kwaye ixhamla izibonelelo zothungelwano oluphuhliswe ngokubanzi lwe-refueling yehlabathi.

Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa

Ukuqukumbela

Kwinguqu kumandla acocekileyo, i-LNG kunye ne-CNG zizisombululo ezixhamlayo endaweni yeemveliso ezikhuphisanayo. Kwimigama emide, ukuthuthwa okunzulu, apho ukuxinana okuphezulu kwamandla alo kubonelela ngoluhlu oluyimfuneko, i-LNG lolona khetho lungcono. Kwelinye icala, i-CNG sisicombululo esisebenza ngokufanelekileyo nesokukhathalela indalo esingqongileyo kumashishini kunye nezixeko ezineelori ezilula ekufuneka zihambe kuluhlu olulinganiselweyo. Zombini izibaso ziya kuba yimfuneko ekuphuculeni utshintsho lwamandla, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, kunye nokuthoba iindleko zepetroli kwiimarike ezikhulayo njengeNigeria. Iintlobo ezithile zezithuthi, uluhlu olusebenzayo, kunye nophuhliso lweenkonzo zengingqi zonke kufuneka zithathwe ngononophelo xa ukhetha phakathi kwazo.