UkuqondaIzikhululo Zokugcwalisa I-Hydrogen: Isikhokelo Esipheleleyo

I-hydrogen fuel iye yaba yindawo eyamkelekileyo yokutshintsha njengoko ihlabathi litshintshela kwimithombo yamandla ecocekileyo. Eli nqaku lithetha ngezikhululo zokuzalisa i-hydrogen, imingeni ezijongene nayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo kwezothutho.

Yintoni iSitishi sokuGcwalisa iHydrogen?

Iiseli zepetroli zeemoto zombane zinokufumana ipetroli yehydrogen kwiindawo ezithile ezibizwa ngokuba zizikhululo zokugcwalisa ihydrogen (HRS). Nangona zenzelwe ukujongana nehydrogen, igesi ebiza amanyathelo athile okhuseleko kunye noomatshini abakhethekileyo, ezi zikhululo zifana kakhulu nezikhululo zepetroli eziqhelekileyo.

Inkqubo yokuvelisa okanye yokuhambisa i-hydrogen,iitanki zokupholisa nezokugcinakunyeabasasazizezona ndawo zintathu ziphambili zesikhululo sokuzalisa i-hydrogen. I-hydrogen ingathunyelwa kwiziko ngemibhobho okanye ngee-tube trailers, okanye ingaveliswa kwindawo kusetyenziswa i-methane reforming ngomphunga okanyei-electrolysis ukuyivelisa.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo kwiSitishi sokuGcwalisa iHydrogen:

l Izixhobo zokwenza okanye zokuthutha i-hydrogen kwiinqanawa

Iiyunithi zokucinezela ze-l zokunyusa uxinzelelo lweetanki ze-hydrogen ezigcina i-hydrogen enoxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu

 

Iziphakeli zeemoto ezineempumlo ezikhethekileyo zeFCEV

Imisebenzi yokhuseleko efana nokufumanisa ukuvuza kunye nokuvala xa kukho iimeko ezingxamisekileyo

Yeyiphi ingxaki enkulu ngeHydrogen Fuel?

Izixhobo zokwenza okanye zokuthutha i-hydrogen kwiiyunithi zokucinezela iinqanawa ukuze konyuswe uxinzelelo lweetanki ze-hydrogen ezigcina i-hydrogen enoxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhuludii-ispensers ezinee-nozzles ezikhethekileyo ze-FCEV njengokufumana ukuvuza kunye nokuvala kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo.Iindleko zemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla zezona zinto ziphambili ezijongene namafutha e-hydrogen. Kule mihla, ukuhlaziya i-methane ngomphunga—osebenzisa igesi yendalo kwaye uvelisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni—kusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa uninzi lwe-hydrogen. Nangona "i-hydrogen eluhlaza" eyenziwe yi-electrolysis ngamandla ahlaziyekayo icocekile, ixabiso lisaphezulu kakhulu.

Le yimingeni ebaluleke nangakumbi: UkuThuthwa nokuGcinwa: Ngenxa yokuba i-hydrogen inamandla amancinci ngokwezinga layo, inokuxinana okanye ipholiswe kuphela xa kukho uxinzelelo oluphezulu lomoya, nto leyo ebangela ubunzima kunye neendleko.

Ukuphuculwa kweZibonelelo: kubiza imali eninzi ukwakha inani elikhulu lezikhululo zokuzalisa amafutha.

Ukulahleka Kwamandla: Ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ngamandla ngexesha lokuveliswa, ukuncipha, kunye nokutshintshiselana, iiseli zamafutha ezenziwe nge-hydrogen zisebenza kancinci "ukusuka emthonjeni ukuya kwivili" kuneemoto zombane ezineebhetri.

Nangona kukho ezi ngxaki, inkxaso karhulumente kunye nophando oluqhubekayo lukhuthaza uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji olunokwandisa ukwenzeka kwe-hydrogen kwezoqoqosho.

Ngaba iHydrogen Fuel ingcono kuneyombane?

Kunzima ukukhetha phakathi kweemoto zombane ezisebenzisa iibhetri (ii-BEV) kunye neemoto ezisebenzisa iiseli ze-hydrogen fuel kuba, ngokusekelwe kwingxaki yokusetyenziswa, lonke uhlobo lwetekhnoloji lubonelela ngeenzuzo ezithile.

I-Factor	Izithuthi zeHydrogen Fuel Cell	Izithuthi zoMbane zeBhetri
Ixesha Lokufaka Ipetroli	Imizuzu emi-3-5 (efana nepetroli)	Imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwiiyure ezininzi
Uluhlu	Iimayile ezingama-300-400 ngetanki nganye	Iimayile ezingama-200-300 ngetshaja nganye
Iziseko zophuhliso	Izikhululo zokuzalisa amafutha ezilinganiselweyo	Inethiwekhi yokutshaja ebanzi
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla	Ukusebenza kakuhle okuphantsi kwevili	Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla okuphezulu
Izicelo	Uthutho olude, izithuthi ezinzima	Ukuhamba ngeenyawo ezidolophini, izithuthi ezilula

Iimoto zombane ezineebhetri ziluncedo ngakumbi ekuthuthweni nasekusetyenzisweni kwemihla ngemihla ezidolophini, ngelixa iimoto ezisebenzisa i-hydrogen zisebenza kakuhle kwizicelo ezifuna umgama omde kunye nokugcwaliswa kwepetroli ngokukhawuleza, njengeebhasi kunye neelori.

Zingaphi izikhululo zokuzalisa iHydrogen ezikhoyo emhlabeni?

Izikhululo zokuzalisa i-hydrogen ezingaphezu kwe-1,000 bezisebenza kwihlabathi liphela ukusukela ngo-2026, kwaye kuza kucwangciswa ukukhula okukhulu kwiminyaka elandelayo. Kukho iindawo ezithile aphoisikhululo sokuzalisa i-hydrogenyiufuduselwe kwenye indawo:

Ngaphezulu kwe-fiamakhuluIzitishi, iAsia ithatha indawo yemarike, ikakhulu equka amazwe aseMzantsi Korea (izitishi ezingaphezu kwe-100) kunye neJapan (izitishi ezingaphezu kwe-160).imakethiikhula ngokukhawuleza kuba urhulumente uneenjongo ezinkulu.

Njengoko inezikhululo ezimalunga ne-100, iJamani iphambili kuneYurophu, inezikhululo ezimalunga namakhulu amabini. Ngowama-2030, iManyano yaseYurophu iceba ukwandisa ukuya kumawaka ezizikhululo.

Izitishi ezingaphezu kwama-80 zineendawo zokuthengisela eMantla Melika, ikakhulu ezivela eCalifornia, kwaye ezinye ezimbalwa ziseKhanada nakwingingqi ekumantla-mpuma eMelika.

Njengoko uqikelelo lubonisa ukuba kusenokubakho izitishi ezingaphezu kwama-5,000 kwihlabathi liphela ngo-2030, amazwe kuyo yonke indawo aqalise imigaqo-nkqubo eyenzelwe ukukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwezitishi ze-hydrogen.

Kutheni iHydrogen Fuel ingcono kunePetrol?

Xa kuthelekiswa namafutha emveli enziwe ngeoyile, amafutha ehydrogen aneenzuzo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo:

Akukho Ngcoliseko Lomoya: iiseli zamafutha ezisebenzisa i-hydrogen ziphepha ukukhutshwa kwe-tailpipe okuyingozi okubangela ungcoliseko lomoya kunye nokufudumala kwamaqondo obushushu ngokuvelisa umphunga wamanzi njengesiphumo esingesihle.

Imfuno Yamandla Aluhlaza: Umjikelo wamandla acocekileyo ungadalwa ngokudala i-hydrogen kusetyenziswa imithombo yendalo efana nokukhanya kwelanga kunye namandla omoya.

Ukhuseleko lwaMandla: ukuveliswa kwehydrogen kuzwelonke kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo kunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwipetroliyam yangaphandle.

Ukusebenza Kakuhle: Xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi ezisebenzisa iinjini ezitshisa ipetroli, izithuthi ze-fuel cell zisebenza kakuhle ngokuphindwe kabini ukuya kathathu.

Imisebenzi Ezolileyo: Ngenxa yokuba iimoto ze-hydrogen zisebenza kakuhle, ziyanciphisa ungcoliseko lwengxolo ezidolophini.

Iingenelo eziluhlaza ze-hydrogen zenza kube lukhetho olunomtsalane lokutshintsha ipetroli xa kutshintshelwa kwiindlela zokuthutha ezicocekileyo, nangona kunjalo iingxaki zokuvelisa nezokuthutha zisekhona.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukwakha isikhululo sokuzalisa i-hydrogen?

Ixesha lokwakhiwa kwesikhululo sokuzalisa i-hydrogen lixhomekeke kakhulu kwizinto ezininzi ezifana nobukhulu besikhululo, indawo yokusebenza, imithetho yokuvumela, kunye nokuba i-hydrogen iyabonelelwa okanye yenziwe kwindawo leyo.

Kwizikhululo ezimbalwa ezinezixhobo ezenziwe kwangaphambili nezincitshisiweyo, iishedyuli eziqhelekileyo ziphakathi kweenyanga ezintandathu nezilishumi elinesibini.

Kwizikhululo ezinkulu nezintsonkothileyo ezinezixhobo zokuvelisa kwindawo, kuthatha iinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezingama-24.

Ezi zinto zilandelayo zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ixesha lokwakha: ukukhetha indawo kunye nokucwangcisa

Iimvume ezifunekayo kunye neemvume

Ukufumana nokubonelela ngezixhobo

Ukwakha nokuseta

Ukuseta kunye novavanyo lokhuseleko

Ukusasazwa kwezityalo zamandla ze-hydrogen ngoku kusebenza ngakumbi ngenxa yenkqubela phambili entsha kuyilo lwezikhululo zemodyuli eziye zanciphisa amaxesha oyilo.

Ungakanani umbane osuka kwi-1 kg yeHydrogen?

Ukusebenza kwenkqubo yeseli enika amandla kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bombane obunokuveliswa kusetyenziswa ikhilogram enye yehydrogen. Kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla:

Ikhilogram enye ye-hydrogen ingayinika amandla imoto eqhelekileyo esebenzisa iiseli zamafutha malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-60-70.

Ikhilogram enye yehydrogen inamandla aphantse abe yi-33.6 kWh.

Ikhilogram enye yehydrogen ingavelisa malunga ne-15–20 kWh yombane ongasetyenziswa emva kokuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuthembeka kweeseli zepetroli (ngesiqhelo i-40–60%).

Ukubeka oku kwimeko, ikhaya eliqhelekileyo laseMelika lisebenzisa phantse ama-kWh angamashumi amathathu ombane ngosuku, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba, ukuba iguqulwe ngempumelelo, iikhilogram ezi-2 zehydrogen zinokusebenza indlu imini yonke.

Ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwamandla:

Izithuthi ezisebenzisa ii-hydrogen fuel cells zihlala zisebenza kakuhle phakathi kwama-25–35%, ngelixa iimoto zombane ezisebenzisa iibhetri zihlala zisebenza ngama-70–90%. Ukulahlekelwa ngamandla ekwenziweni kwe-hydrogen, ukususwa koxinzelelo, ukuthutha, kunye nokuguqulwa kwee-fuel cell zezona zinto ziphambili zalo mahluko.