Ukuqonda izikhululo zokuFudumeza iHydrogen
Iindawo ezithile ezibizwa ngokuba zizikhululo zokufutha i-hydrogen (HRS) zisetyenziselwa ukuzalisa iimoto zombane ezisebenza ngeeseli zepetroli nge-hydrogen. Ezi zikhululo zokuzalisa zigcina i-hydrogen enoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwaye zisebenzisa imilomo ekhethekileyo kunye nemibhobho ukubonelela nge-hydrogen kwizithuthi, xa kuthelekiswa nezikhululo zokufutha zemveli. Inkqubo yokufutha i-hydrogen iba yinto ebalulekileyo ekunikezeni amandla kwizithuthi zeeseli zepetroli, ezidala umoya ofudumeleyo kunye nomphunga wamanzi, njengoko uluntu lusiya ekuthuthweni kwe-carbon ephantsi.
Uzalisa ntoni imoto ye-hydrogen?
Igesi yehydrogen ecinezelwe kakhulu (H2), edla ngokuba kuxinzelelo lwe-350 bar okanye i-700 bar kwiimoto, isetyenziselwa ukufumisa iimoto zehydrogen. Ukuze igcine uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegesi ngokufanelekileyo, ihydrogen igcinwa kwiitanki eziqinisiweyo ze-carbon-fiber.
Zisebenza njani izikhululo zokuzalisa iHydrogen?
Ukugcwalisa ipetroli kwisithuthi esenziwe nge-hydrogen kufuna amanyathelo aliqela abalulekileyo: 1. Ukuveliswa kwe-Hydrogen: Ukuguqulwa kwe-steam methane (SMR), ukusebenzisa umbane ovela kwimithombo evuselelekayo, okanye ngenxa yenkqubo yokuvelisa zezinye zeendlela ezizimeleyo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ukuvelisa i-hydrogen ukuze isetyenziswe.
- Ukucinezelwa kwegesi kunye nokugcinwa kwayo: iitanki zokugcina ezikufutshane zigcina igesi yehydrogen emva kokuba icinezelwe kakuhle ukuya kuxinzelelo oluphezulu (350–700 bar).
- Ukuphola Ngaphambi Kokubanda: Ukuze kuthintelwe ukonakala kobushushu ngexesha lokusebenza kokuzalisa ngokukhawuleza, i-hydrogen kufuneka ipholiswe ukuya kwi--40°C ngaphambi kokuba ikhutshwe.
4. Ukukhupha: Kufakwa isincamathelisi esivaliweyo phakathi kwesikhongozeli sokugcina imoto kunye nomlomo ocwangcisiweyo ngokukodwa. Inkqubo elawulwa ngononophelo egcina ithebhu kuxinzelelo kunye nobushushu ivumela i-hydrogen ukuba ingene kwiitanki zokugcina imoto.
5. Iinkqubo zoKhuseleko: Imisebenzi emininzi yokukhusela, efana neenkqubo zokucima umlilo, ulawulo lokuvala ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye nokubeka esweni ukuvuza, ithembisa ukuba imisebenzi ikhuselekile.
I-Hydrogen Fuel vs Iimoto Zombane
Ngaba i-hydrogen fuel ingcono kune-electric?
Olu hlobo lokusabela luxhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile zokusetyenziswa. Njengoko i-75–90% yombane iguqulwa ibe ngamandla kumavili esithuthi, iimoto ezisebenzisa ibhetri-electric zihlala zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Phakathi kwamashumi amane namashumi amathandathu ekhulwini amandla kwihydrogen anokuguqulwa abe ngamandla okuqhuba kwizithuthi ze-hydrogen fuel cell. Nangona kunjalo, ii-FCEV zineengenelo ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwiindawo ezibandayo, ixesha elide (iikhilomitha ezingama-300–400 ngetanki), kunye nexesha lokufaka ipetroli (imizuzu emi-3–5 xa kuthelekiswa nemizuzu engama-30 nangaphezulu yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza). Kwizithuthi ezinkulu (iilori, iibhasi) apho ukugcwalisa ipetroli ngokukhawuleza kunye nomgama omde kubalulekile, ihydrogen ingabonakala ifanelekile ngakumbi.
| Umbono | Izithuthi zeHydrogen Fuel Cell | Izithuthi zoMbane zeBhetri |
| Ixesha Lokugcwalisa/Lokutshaja | Imizuzu emi-3-5 | Imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwiiyure ezininzi |
| Uluhlu | Iimayile ezingama-300-400 | Iimayile ezingama-200-350 |
| Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla | 40-60% | 75-90% |
| Ukufumaneka kweZiseko zoPhuhliso | Ilinganiselwe (amakhulu ezikhululo kwihlabathi liphela) | Olubanzi (izigidi zeendawo zokutshaja) |
| Iindleko zeSithuthi | Itekhnoloji ephezulu (yeeseli zepetroli ezibizayo) | Ukukhuphisana |
Ixabiso kunye nezinto eziqwalaselwayo
Kubiza kangakanani ukuzalisa imoto ye-hydrogen?
Okwangoku, ukugcwalisa i-hydrogen esebenzisa i-hydrogen ngetanki epheleleyo (malunga ne-5–6 kg ye-hydrogen) kuya kubiza phakathi kwe-$75 kunye ne-$100, nto leyo enika umgama weemayile ezingama-300–400. Oku kufikelela kwi-$16–20 ngekhilogram ye-hydrogen. Amaxabiso ayahluka ngokwendawo kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ehle njengoko imveliso isanda kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-hydrogen enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kuhambela phambili. Ezinye iindawo zibonelela ngezaphulelo ezixabisa kancinci kubathengi.
Ngaba injini yemoto eqhelekileyo ingasebenza kwi-hydrogen?
Nangona kungaqhelekanga, iinjini zokutsha zemveli zinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ukuze zisebenze kwi-hydrogen. Ukuqala ngaphambi kokutsha, ukukhutshwa okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen oxides, kunye nemiba yokugcina ziphakathi kweengxaki ekufuneka zijongane nazo iinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi ze-hydrogen ngokuhamba kwexesha. Namhlanje, phantse zonke iimoto ezisebenzisa i-hydrogen zisebenzisa itekhnoloji yeeseli zepetroli, esebenzisa i-hydrogen kunye ne-oxygen evela kwindalo esingqongileyo ukuze kuveliswe amandla aqhuba imoto yombane ngamanzi kuphela njengenkunkuma.
Leliphi ilizwe elisebenzisa kakhulu i-hydrogen fuel?
Njengoko iJapan ikhokela ihlabathi ekusebenziseni amafutha enziwe nge-hydrogen, inezikhululo zokuzalisa i-hydrogen ezingaphezu kwe-160 kunye nezicwangciso ezinkulu zokwakha izitishi ezingama-900 ngo-2030, kule mihla kukho amazwe amakhulu aquka:
IJamani: Izitishi ezingaphezu kwe-100, kunye nezingama-400 ezicwangciselwe ukwenziwa ngo-2035
EMelika: Inezikhululo ezimalunga nama-60, uninzi lwazo luseCalifornia
UMzantsi Korea: uphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza, kunye nezikhululo ezili-1,200 eziqikelelwayo ngo-2040
I-China: Yenza utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo, njengoko izikhululo ezingaphezu kwe-100 zisebenza ngoku
Ukukhula kweSitishi sokuGcina iHydrogen kwiHlabathi liphela
Bekukho malunga nezikhululo zokuzalisa i-hydrogen ezingama-800 kwihlabathi liphela ukusukela ngo-2023; ngo-2030, elo nani kulindeleke ukuba likhule liye kutsho ngaphezulu kwama-5,000. Ngenxa yenkxaso-mali evela koorhulumente kunye nokuzinikela kwabavelisi ekuphuhlisweni kweeseli zamafutha, iYurophu ne-Asia ziphambili kolu phuhliso.
Ukugxila kwiMisebenzi enzima: Ukwandiswa kweziseko ze-hydrogen kwiilori, iibhasi, oololiwe, kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwandle
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-16-2025
