Yintoni iSitishi sokuFudumeza i-LNG?

Ngenxa yokukhuthazwa kancinci kokukhutshwa kwegesi ekhupha ikhabhoni ephantsi, amazwe kwihlabathi liphela afuna imithombo yamandla engcono yokutshintsha ipetroli kwicandelo lezothutho. Icandelo eliphambili legesi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo (i-LNG) yi-methane, eyigesi yendalo esiyisebenzisayo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Ngokusisiseko yigesi. Phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo, ukuze kube lula ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa, igesi yendalo ipholiswa ukuya kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-162 degrees Celsius, itshintshe ukusuka kwimeko yegesi ukuya kwimeko yolwelo. Okwangoku, umthamo wegesi yendalo yolwelo umalunga ne-1/625 yomthamo wegesi yendalo yolwelo enobunzima obufanayo. Ngoko ke, yintoni isikhululo sokuzalisa i-LNG? Ezi ndaba ziza kuhlola umgaqo wokusebenza, iimpawu zokuzalisa, kunye nendima ebalulekileyo eyidlalayo kutshintsho lwamandla lwangoku.

Yintoni isikhululo sokuzalisa i-LNG?
Esi sisixhobo esikhethekileyo esenzelwe ukugcina nokugcwalisa i-LNG. Sibonelela nge-LNG yamafutha kwiilori zemithwalo ezithatha umgama omde, iibhasi, iilori ezinzima okanye iinqanawa. Ngokungafaniyo nezikhululo zepetroli nezedizili eziqhelekileyo, ezi zikhululo zinyibilikisa igesi yendalo ebanda kakhulu (-162℃) ibe yimeko yolwelo, okwenza kube lula ukuyigcina nokuyithutha.

Indawo yokugcina: I-LNG ithuthwa ngeetanki ze-cryogenic kwaye igcinwe kwiitanki ze-vacuum ngaphakathi kwezikhululo zokuzalisa ze-LNG ukugcina iipropati zayo zomzimba zobushushu obuphantsi kunye nemeko yolwelo.

Ukugcwalisa ipetroli: Xa kuyimfuneko, sebenzisa ipompo ye-LNG ukuhambisa i-LNG ukusuka kwitanki yokugcina ukuya kumatshini wokugcwalisa ipetroli. Abasebenzi bokugcwalisa ipetroli baqhagamshela umlomo womatshini wokugcwalisa ipetroli kwitanki yokugcina i-LNG yesithuthi. Imitha yokuhamba ngaphakathi komatshini wokugcwalisa ipetroli iqala ukulinganisa, kwaye i-LNG iqala ukugcwalisa ipetroli phantsi koxinzelelo.

Zeziphi izinto eziphambili zesikhululo sokuzalisa i-LNG?
Itanki yokugcina i-vacuum enobushushu obuphantsi: Itanki yokugcina i-vacuum enomgangatho ophindwe kabini, enokunciphisa ukudluliselwa kobushushu kwaye igcine ubushushu bokugcina be-LNG.

I-Vaporizer: Isixhobo esiguqula i-LNG engamanzi ibe yi-CNG yegesi (ukuphinda kusetyenziswe igesi). Isetyenziswa kakhulu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoxinzelelo kwindawo okanye ukulawula uxinzelelo lweetanki zokugcina.

Isixhobo sokuhambisa: Sixhotyiswe nge-interface yomsebenzisi ekrelekrele, ngaphakathi sixhotyiswe ngeepayipi, ii-nozzles zokugcwalisa, ii-flow meter kunye nezinye izinto ezenzelwe ngokukodwa i-LNG enobushushu obuphantsi.

Inkqubo yoLawulo: Iza kuxhotyiswa ngenkqubo yolawulo ekrelekrele, ekhuselekileyo nedibeneyo yokujonga uxinzelelo, ubushushu bezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kwindawo, kunye nemeko yempahla ye-LNG.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezikhululo zokuzalisa igesi yendalo i-LNG (liquefied natural gas) kunye nezikhululo zokuzalisa igesi yendalo i-CNG (compressed natural gas)?
Igesi Yendalo Enyibilikisiweyo (LNG): Igcinwa kwimo yolwelo kubushushu obungaphantsi kwe-162 degrees Celsius. Ngenxa yemeko yayo yolwelo, ithatha indawo encinci kwaye ingazaliswa kwiitanki zeelori ezinkulu kunye neelori zemithwalo, okuvumela ukuhamba imigama emide. Ezi mpawu ziyenza ibe lolona khetho lukhethwayo kwiibhasi ezikude kunye neelori ezinkulu.

Igesi Yendalo Ecinezelweyo (CNG): Igcinwa kwimo yegesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Njengoko iyigesi, ithatha umthamo omkhulu kwaye idla ngokufuna iisilinda zegesi ezinkulu ngaphakathi okanye ukuphinda izaliswe rhoqo, nto leyo eyenza ifaneleke kwizithuthi ezikufutshane ezifana neebhasi zasezidolophini, iimoto zabucala, njl.njl.

Zithini iingenelo zokusebenzisa igesi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo (LNG)?
Ngokwembono yokusingqongileyo, i-LNG inobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kunepetroli. Nangona izithuthi ze-LNG zinexabiso eliphezulu lokuthenga okokuqala, zifuna iitanki zokugcina ezibizayo kunye neenjini ezikhethekileyo, iindleko zazo zepetroli ziphantsi kakhulu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izithuthi zepetroli, nangona zifikeleleka ngexabiso eliphantsi, zineendleko eziphezulu zepetroli kwaye zichaphazeleka kukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso eoyile yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokwembono yoqoqosho, i-LNG inamandla amakhulu ophuhliso.

Ingaba isikhululo sokuzalisa igesi yendalo esinyibilikisiweyo sikhuselekile?
Ngokuqinisekileyo. Ilizwe ngalinye linemigangatho yoyilo ehambelanayo yezikhululo zokuzalisa igesi yendalo ezinyibilikisiweyo, kwaye iiyunithi zokwakha ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zilandele imigangatho engqongqo yokwakha nokusebenza. I-LNG ngokwayo ayizukuqhuma. Nokuba kukho ukuvuza kwe-LNG, iya kunyamalala ngokukhawuleza emoyeni kwaye ayiyi kuqokelelana emhlabeni kwaye ibangele ukuqhuma. Kwangaxeshanye, isikhululo sokuzalisa siya kwamkela nezibonelelo ezininzi zokhuseleko, ezinokubona ngokucwangcisiweyo ukuba kukho ukuvuza okanye ukusilela kwezixhobo.