Yintoni iSikhululo se-LNG sokugalela amafutha?

Ngokukhuthazwa ngokuthe ngcembe kokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ephantsi, amazwe kwihlabathi jikelele afuna imithombo yamandla ebhetele ukuze athathe indawo yepetroli kwicandelo lezothutho. Elona candelo legesi yendalo engamanzi (LNG) yimethane, eyigesi yendalo esiyisebenzisayo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Yigesi ngokwenene. Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo, ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukuthuthwa kunye nokugcinwa, igesi yendalo ipholile ukuya kwi-162 degrees Celsius, iguqule ukusuka kwi-gaseous state ukuya kwi-liquid state. Ngeli xesha, umthamo wegesi yendalo engamanzi malunga ne-1/625 yomthamo wegesi yendalo yobunzima obufanayo. Ke, yintoni isikhululo sokuzalisa i-LNG? Ezi ndaba ziza kuphonononga umgaqo wokusebenza, iimpawu zokuzalisa, kunye nendima ebalulekileyo edlalayo kwi-wave yangoku yokuguqulwa kwamandla.

Yintoni isikhululo sokugalela amafutha e-LNG?
Esi sisixhobo esikhethekileyo esilungiselelwe ukugcina kunye nokufaka amafutha e-LNG. Inika ikakhulu amafutha e-LNG kwiilori zomthwalo omde, iibhasi, iilori ezinzima okanye iinqanawa. Ngokwahlukileyo kwizikhululo eziqhelekileyo zepetroli kunye nedizili, ezi zikhululo zinyibilikisa irhasi yendalo ebanda kakhulu (-162℃) ibe yimeko yolwelo, zenza kube lula ukuyigcina nokuthutha.

Ukugcinwa: I-LNG ithuthwa ngamatanki e-cryogenic kwaye igcinwe kwiitanki ze-vacuum ngaphakathi kwezikhululo zokuzalisa i-LNG ukuze kugcinwe ubushushu obuphantsi kunye neempawu zendalo zolwelo.

Ukufaka amafutha: Xa kuyimfuneko, sebenzisa impompo ye-LNG ukuhambisa i-LNG ukusuka kwitanki yokugcina ukuya kumatshini wokugcwalisa. Abasebenzi be-refueling badibanisa umlomo womshini wokugcwalisa i-refueling kwi-tank yokugcina i-LNG yesithuthi. Imitha yokuhamba ngaphakathi kumatshini wokugcwalisa i-refueling iqala ukulinganisa, kwaye i-LNG iqala ukufakwa i-refueled phantsi koxinzelelo.

Ngawaphi amacandelo aphambili esikhululo sokugalela amafutha e-LNG?
Itanki yokugcina i-vacuum ephantsi yobushushu obuphantsi: Itanki yokugcina i-vacuum ephindwe kabini, enokunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kunye nokugcina ukushisa kwe-LNG.

I-Vaporizer: Isixhobo esiguqula ulwelo lwe-LNG lube yi-CNG yegesi (i-re-gasification). Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoxinzelelo kwisiza okanye ukulawula uxinzelelo lweetanki zokugcina.

I-Dispenser: Ixhotywe nge-interface yomsebenzisi ohlakaniphile, ifakwe ngaphakathi ngamabhobho, i-nozzles yokuzalisa, iimitha zokuhamba kunye nezinye izinto ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa kwi-LNG ephantsi.

Inkqubo yokulawula: Iya kuxhotyiswa ngenkqubo yokulawula ehlakaniphile, ekhuselekileyo kunye nedibeneyo yokubeka iliso kuxinzelelo, ubushushu bezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kwisayithi, kunye nobume be-inventory ye-LNG.

Ngowuphi umahluko phakathi kwezikhululo zokugalela amafutha e-LNG (irhasi yendalo engamanzi) kunye ne-CNG (igesi yendalo ecinezelweyo)?
ILiquefied Natural Gas (LNG): Igcinwa kulwelo kwiqondo lobushushu obuyi-162 degrees Celsius. Ngenxa yobume bayo obumanzi, ithatha indawo encinci kwaye inokuzaliswa kwiitanki zeelori ezinzima kunye neelori ezithwala imithwalo, ivumela imigama emide yokuhamba. Iimpawu ezinjalo zenza ukhetho olukhethiweyo kwiibhasi ezide kunye neelori ezinzima.

Igesi yeNdalo eQinisiweyo (CNG): Igcinwe kwifom yegesi ephezulu yoxinzelelo. Njengoko iyirhasi, ithatha umthamo omkhulu kwaye ihlala ifuna iisilinda ezinkulu zerhasi ekwibhodi okanye ukuphinda kugcwaliswe rhoqo, oko kuyenza ilungele izithuthi ezimgama omfutshane ezinjengeebhasi zedolophu, iimoto zabucala, njl.

Zeziphi iingenelo zokusebenzisa irhasi yendalo engamanzi (LNG)?
Ngokwembono yendalo esingqongileyo, i-LNG ihambelana nokusingqongileyo kunepetroli. Nangona izithuthi ze-LNG zinexabiso eliphezulu lokuthenga okokuqala, ezifuna iitanki zokugcina i-cryogenic ezibiza kakhulu kunye neenjini ezikhethekileyo, iindleko zabo zepetroli ziphantsi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iimoto zepetroli, nangona zifikeleleka, zineendleko eziphezulu zepetroli kwaye zichatshazelwa kukuguquguquka kwexabiso leoli kumazwe ngamazwe. Ngokwembono yezoqoqosho, i-LNG inamandla amakhulu ophuhliso.

Ngaba isikhululo sokugalela irhasi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo sikhuselekile?
Ngokuqinisekileyo. Ilizwe ngalinye linemigangatho yokuyila ehambelanayo kwizitishi zegesi yendalo enolwelo, kwaye iiyunithi ezifanelekileyo zokwakha kufuneka zilandele imigangatho engqongqo yokwakha nokusebenza. I-LNG ngokwayo ayisayi kuqhushumba. Nokuba kukho ukuvuza kwe-LNG, iya kutshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza emoyeni kwaye ayiyi kuqokelelana emhlabeni kwaye ibangele ukuqhuma. Kwangaxeshanye, isikhululo se-refueling siya kwamkela izibonelelo ezininzi zokhuseleko, ezinokuthi zibone ngokucwangcisiweyo ukuba kukho ukuvuza okanye ukusilela kwezixhobo.