Yintoni iSikhululo se-LNG sokugalela amafutha?

Ukuqonda izikhululo zokugalela amafutha e-LNG

Izikhululo ze-LNG (i-liquefied natural gas) zineenqwelo ezikhethekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukugcwalisa iimoto ezifana neemoto, iilori, iibhasi, kunye neenqanawa.E-China, i-Houpu ingoyena mthengisi omkhulu we-LNG izikhululo zokuhambisa i-refueling, kunye nesabelo semarike ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60%. Ezi zikhululo zigcina i-LNG kumaqondo abandayo (-162 ° C okanye -260 ° F) ukuze kugcinwe imeko yolwelo kwaye kube lula ukuyigcina nokuthuthwa.
Ngexesha lokufakwa kwepetroli kwisikhululo se-LNG, irhasi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo ithuthwa isuka kwiitanki zesikhululo ukuze igcinwe kwisithuthi ngaphakathi kweitanki ze-cryogenic kusetyenziswa imibhobho elungiselelweyo kunye nemilomo egcina ubushushu obufunekayo ngexesha lenkqubo yonke.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Leliphi ilizwe elisebenzisa olona setyenziso lukhulu lwe-LNG?
Emva kwengozi yenyukliya yaseFukushima ka-2011, iJapan, exhomekeke ikakhulu kwi-LNG ekuveliseni amandla, yaba ngoyena mthengi mkhulu wehlabathi kunye nomsebenzisi we-LNG. I-Indiya, i-South Korea, kunye ne-China zonke zibalulekile abasebenzisi be-LNG.Iqela le-Houpu lasekwa ngo-2005. Emva kweminyaka engama-20 yophuhliso, ibe lishishini elihamba phambili kwishishini lamandla acocekileyo e-China.

Zeziphi izinto ezingeloncedo nge-LNG?

I-LNG ineziphene ezithile nangona ineengenelo ezininzi.
Iindleko eziphezulu zophuhliso: Ngenxa yemfuneko yokugcina i-cryogenic ekhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokuthutha, i-LNG iyabiza ukuseta ekuqaleni.
Inkqubo yokunyibilikisa ifuna amandla amaninzi; phakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-25% yomxholo wamandla wegesi yendalo isetyenziselwa ukuyijika ibe yi-LNG.
Amaxhala okhuseleko: Nangona i-LNG ingekho semngciphekweni njengepetroli, ukuchitheka kusenokukhokelela kwilifu lomphunga kunye nokwenzakala kwe-cryogenic.
Izibonelelo ezinyiniweyo zokugalela amafutha: Ulwakhiwo lothungelwano lwesikhululo sokugalela amafutha e-LNG lusaqhuba kwiindawo ezininzi.

Nangona i-LNG inezithintelo ezithile, iimpawu zayo ezicocekileyo zisavumela ukuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwimimandla yoluntu, izithuthi kunye nezicelo zaselwandle. IQela le-Houpu lihlanganisa yonke ikhonkco lezoshishino ukusuka kwi-LNG ye-extraction ephezulu ukuya kwi-LNG ye-refueling ephantsi, kubandakanywa ukuvelisa, ukufakwa kwe-refueling, ukugcinwa, ukuthutha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesethi epheleleyo yezixhobo.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-LNG kunye negesi eqhelekileyo?

Umahluko phakathi kwe-LNG (i-Liquefied Natural Gas) kunye ne-petroli eqhelekileyo (ipetroli) ibandakanya:

Ngaba i-LNG ingcono kunepetroli?

Kuxhomekeke kusetyenziso oluthile kunye nezinto eziphambili ukuba i-LNG "ingcono" kunepetroli:
Izibonelelo ze-LNG ngaphezulu kwepetroli:
Izibonelelo zokusingqongileyo: I-LNG ikhupha malunga ne-20-30% i-CO₂ engaphantsi kunepetroli kunye ne-nitrogen oxide encinci kunye ne-particle.

Ukusebenza kweendleko: I-LNG ihlala inexabiso eliphantsi kunepetroli ngokulingana kwamandla, ngakumbi kwiinqwelo eziqhuba kakhulu.
• Ubonelelo oluninzi: Oovimba begesi yendalo mikhulu kwaye ifumaneka kwihlabathi liphela.
Ukhuseleko: I-LNG ayinakutsha kancinci kunepetroli kwaye ihamba ngokukhawuleza ukuba ichithekile, nto leyo ethoba umngcipheko womlilo.

I-LNG inezithintelo ezithile xa kuthelekiswa nepetroli. Umzekelo, azikho zininzi izitishi ze-LNG njengoko kukho izikhululo zepetroli.
Iimodeli zezithuthi ezimbalwa zenziwe ukuba zisebenze kwi-LNG kunepetroli.

• Imida yoluhlu: Izithuthi ze-LNG zisenokungakwazi ukuhamba umgama omde ngenxa yokuba zinoxinzelelo oluncinci lwamandla kwaye namatanki azo mancinci.
• Iindleko eziphezulu zangaphambili: Izithuthi ze-LNG kunye neziseko zophuhliso zifuna imali eyongezelelweyo kwasekuqaleni.

I-LNG ihlala yenza imeko eyomeleleyo yezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo kwiilori ezithatha ixesha elide kunye nokuthunyelwa kwenqanawa, apho iindleko zepetroli zibalelwa kwisixa esikhulu seendleko zokusebenza. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kweziseko zophuhliso, izibonelelo azibonakali kangako kwiimoto zabucala.

IiNdlela zeMarike yeLNG yeHlabathi

Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, imakethi ye-LNG yehlabathi ikhule kakhulu ngenxa yezinto ze-geopolitical, imigaqo yokusingqongileyo, kunye nokunyuka kwemfuno yamandla. NgoMzantsi Korea, iChina, kunye neJapan zisebenzisa eyona LNG, iAsia isaqhubeka ingummandla ongenisa uninzi lwamafutha. Imfuno ye-LNG kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke ikhula kwixesha elizayo, ngakumbi njengoko izizwe zijonge ukutshintsha ukusuka kumalahle kunye ne-oyile ukuya kwimithombo yamandla acocekileyo. Ukukhula kweziseko ezingundoqo ze-LNG ezincinci kukwandise ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngaphaya kwemveliso yombane ukuya kumashishini kunye necandelo lezothutho.

IQela leHoupu laqala ukwandisa imarike yayo yamazwe ngamazwe kwi-2020. Iimveliso zayo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziye zafumana ukuqaphela ngokubanzi kwiimarike, kwaye iinkonzo zayo ezibalaseleyo ziye zazuza indumiso kubathengi. Izixhobo ze-Houpu zithengiswe kwizikhululo ze-refueling ezingaphezu kwe-7,000 emhlabeni jikelele.I-Houpu ifakwe ngempumelelo kuluhlu lwababoneleli be-giants yamandla ngamazwe ngamazwe, emele ukuqatshelwa kwamandla enkampani ngamashishini aseYurophu akumgangatho ophezulu kwaye afunayo.

Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha

I-LNG yigesi yendalo ethe yapholiswa ukuze ibe lulwelo ukuze kube lula ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa.
IJapan ngoyena mthengi mkhulu weLNG kwihlabathi. Nangona i-LNG ikhupha izinto ezikhutshwayo ezimbalwa kunepetroli, ifuna iziseko ezingundoqo ezithile.
I-LNG ilungele ngokukodwa izicelo ezibandakanya uthutho olunzima.
Ngamaziko amatsha okungenisa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle, imakethi ye-LNG yehlabathi isakhula.