Yintoni iSitishi sokuFudumeza i-LNG?

Ukuqonda izikhululo zokuzalisa i-LNG

Izikhululo zokuzalisa ipetroli ze-LNG (igesi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo)zinezithuthi ezithile ezisetyenziselwa ukugcwalisa ipetroli kwiimoto ezifana neemoto, iilori, iibhasi, kunye neenqanawa. ETshayina,Houpuyinkampani enkulu ethengisa izikhululo zokugcwalisa ipetroli ze-LNG, enesabelo semarike esifikelela kwi-60%. Ezi zikhululo zigcina i-LNG kumaqondo obushushu abandayo (-162°C okanye -260°F) ukuze zigcine imeko yayo yolwelo kwaye kube lula ukuyigcina nokuthuthwa.
Ngexesha lokufaka ipetroli kwisikhululo se-LNG, igesi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo ithuthwa isukaiitanki zesikhululoukuze kugcinwe imoto ngaphakathi kwiitanki ze-cryogenic kusetyenziswa izinto ezenzelwe wenaimibhobhokwayeiimpumloezigcina amaqondo obushushu abandayo afunekayo kulo lonke inkqubo.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Leliphi ilizwe elisebenzisa kakhulu i-LNG?
Emva kwengozi yenyukliya yaseFukushima ka-2011, iJapan, eyayixhomekeke kakhulu kwi-LNG ukuvelisa umbane, yaba phakathi komthengi omkhulu kunye nomsebenzisi omkhulu we-LNG kwihlabathi. I-India, iSouth Korea, kunye neTshayina zonke zingabasebenzisi ababalulekileyo be-LNG. Iqela leHoupu lasekwa ngo-2005. Emva kweminyaka engama-20 yophuhliso, liye laba lishishini eliphambili kushishino lwamandla acocekileyo eTshayina.

Zithini iingxaki ze-LNG?

I-LNG ineengxaki ezithile nangona ineenzuzo ezininzi.
Iindleko eziphezulu zophuhliso: Ngenxa yesidingo sezixhobo zokugcina kunye nezothutho ezikhethekileyo ze-cryogenic, i-LNG ibiza kakhulu ukuyiseta ekuqaleni.
Inkqubo yokunyibilikisa ulwelo ifuna amandla amaninzi; phakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-25% yamandla egesi yendalo asetyenziselwa ukuyiguqula ibe yi-LNG.
Iingxaki zokhuseleko: Nangona i-LNG ingekho sengozini njengepetroli, ukuchitheka kwayo kunokubangela ilifu lomphunga kunye nokwenzakala okubangelwa kukuqhekeka kwegesi.
Izibonelelo ezimbalwa zokugcwalisa ipetroli: Ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yesitishi sokugcwalisa ipetroli se-LNG kusaqhubeka kwiindawo ezininzi.

Nangona i-LNG ineengxaki ezithile, iimpawu zayo ezicocekileyo zisayenza ikwazi ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zokusetyenziswa kwabantu, izithuthi kunye noolwandle. Iqela leHoupu ligubungela lonke uthotho lwemizi-mveliso ukusuka ekutsalweni kwe-LNG ephezulu ukuya ekufakweni kwe-LNG ngezantsi, kubandakanya ukuveliswa, ukufakelwa ipetroli, ukugcinwa, ukuthuthwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezipheleleyo.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-LNG kunye negesi eqhelekileyo?

Umahluko phakathi kwe-LNG (iGesi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo) kunye nepetroli eqhelekileyo (ipetroli) ibandakanya:

Ngaba i-LNG ingcono kunepetroli?

Kuxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni okuthile kunye nezinto eziza kuqala ukuba i-LNG "ingcono" kunepetroli:
Iingenelo ze-LNG kunepetroli:
Iingenelo zokusingqongileyo: I-LNG ikhupha malunga ne-CO₂ engama-20–30% ngaphantsi kunepetroli kwaye ikhupha i-nitrogen oxide kunye nezinto ezincinci kakhulu.

Ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko: I-LNG idla ngokuba nexabiso eliphantsi kunepetroli xa isetyenziswa ngendlela efanayo namandla, ingakumbi kwiinqanawa eziqhuba kakhulu.
• Ubuninzi bezinto ezifumanekayo: Iindawo zokugcina igesi yendalo zikhulu kwaye zifumaneka kwihlabathi liphela.
Ukhuseleko: I-LNG ayitshisi kakhulu kunepetroli kwaye iyanyamalala ngokukhawuleza ukuba ichitheka, nto leyo enciphisa umngcipheko womlilo.

I-LNG ineengxaki ezithile xa ithelekiswa nepetroli. Umzekelo, azikho izikhululo ze-LNG ezininzi njengoko kukho izikhululo zepetroli.
Zimbalwa iimodeli zezithuthi ezenzelwe ukusebenza nge-LNG kunangepetroli.

• Imida yomgama: Izithuthi ze-LNG zisenokungakwazi ukuya kufikelela kwinqanaba elithile kuba zinamandla amancinci kwaye iitanki zazo zincinci.
• Iindleko eziphezulu kwangaphambili: Izithuthi ze-LNG kunye neziseko zophuhliso zifuna imali engaphezulu kwangaphambili.

I-LNG idla ngokuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho nakwimeko-bume yokuthutha iilori ezinde kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla, apho iindleko zepetroli zibangela iindleko ezinkulu zokusebenza. Ngenxa yemida yeziseko zophuhliso, iingenelo azibonakali kangako kwiimoto zabucala.

Iindlela zeMarike ye-LNG yehlabathi

Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, imakethi yehlabathi ye-LNG ikhule kakhulu ngenxa yeemeko zezopolitiko, imithetho yokusingqongileyo, kunye nokunyuka kwemfuno yamandla. Njengoko iSouth Korea, iTshayina, kunye neJapan zisebenzisa i-LNG eninzi, i-Asia iyaqhubeka nokuba yindawo engenisa uninzi lwamafutha kwamanye amazwe. Imfuno ye-LNG kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke ikhula kwixesha elizayo, ngakumbi njengoko amazwe ejonge ukutshintsha ukusuka kumalahle kunye neoyile ukuya kwimithombo yamandla acocekileyo. Ukukhula kweziseko zophuhliso ze-LNG ezincinci kukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngaphaya kwemveliso yombane ukuya kumacandelo emizi-mveliso kunye nezothutho.

Iqela leHoupu laqala ukwandisa imakethi yalo yamazwe ngamazwe ngo-2020. Iimveliso zalo ezisemgangathweni ophezulu ziye zaqatshelwa ngokubanzi kwimakethi, kwaye iinkonzo zalo ezibalaseleyo ziye zafumana udumo kubathengi. Izixhobo zeHoupu zithengiswe kwizikhululo zokuzalisa amafutha ezingaphezu kwama-7,000 kwihlabathi liphela. IHoupu ifakiwe ngempumelelo kuluhlu lwababoneleli beenkampani ezinkulu zamandla zamazwe ngamazwe, nto leyo emele ukuqatshelwa kwamandla enkampani ngamashishini aseYurophu asemgangathweni ophezulu nafuna izinto ezininzi.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

I-LNG yigesi yendalo epholisiweyo yaba lulwelo ukuze kube lula ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa kwayo.
IJapan yeyona nkampani ithengisa kakhulu i-LNG kwihlabathi liphela. Nangona i-LNG ikhupha ungcoliseko oluncinci kunepetroli, ifuna iziseko ezithile.
I-LNG ilungele ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi ezinzima.
Ngezixhobo ezintsha zokungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, imakethi yehlabathi ye-LNG isakhula.